Abstract
Persea lingue Ness is a tree species that lives mainly in temperate forests of south-central Chile. Its leaves are used in ethnomedicine, the fruit is a drupe similar to that of the avocado and has not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity in leukemia cell and antibacterial activity, along with some chemical content characteristics of P. lingue fruit and leaf extracts. The antibacterial activity was determined by the inhibition of bacterial growth in liquid medium assay against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The leukemia cell lines Kasumi-1 and Jurkat were used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity by using propidium iodide and AlamarBlue assays. Total phenolic, flavonoid, condensed tannin, alkaloid and lipid contents were evaluated in the fruit and in the leaf extracts. The antioxidant activity of both extracts were also elavaluated. Leaf extract presented the highest content of total phenols, condensed tannins and flavonoids, and also the highest antioxidant activity. While the fruit extract has a higher amount of lipids and alkaloids and the high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus megaterium and Micrococcus luteus. The leaf extract only showed activity against M. luteus. Concerning the cytotoxic activity, only the fruit extract showed cytotoxicity against the cell lines Jurkat and Kasumi-1. P. lingue fruit extract is a potential source of biologically active molecules for the development of new drugs to be used in some types of leukemia, as well as antibacterial agent.
Highlights
The interest in searching for new chemical compounds biologically active has raised research on flora with a history of traditional folk medicine (Fulda and Efferth, 2015)
In order to find new extracts of plants with a pharmacological potential, the objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity against leukemia cells linkage and antibacterial activity, along with some chemical content characteristics of Persea lingue fruit and leaf extracts
Analysis of the least concern (LC)/ESI-MS results shows in the leaf extract, the presence of some types of polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids derivative quercetin and kaempferol, as well as several condensed tannins; differing from the fruit extract, which contains few polyphenolic compounds and other no-identified compounds
Summary
The interest in searching for new chemical compounds biologically active has raised research on flora with a history of traditional folk medicine (Fulda and Efferth, 2015). Vascular plants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenes (Delgoda and Murray, 2017). These compounds are used as protection mechanisms against phytopathogens, such as viruses, bacteria and fungi, from herbivores and insect attack; as well as being antioxidants, free radical scavengers, UV light absorbers and antiproliferative agents (Fulda and Efferth, 2015; Wink, 2003; Kennedy and Wightman, 2011; Freiesleben and Jäger, 2014). One of its main genera is Persea, with about 190 species distributed in the tropical and subtropical zones of America and Asia (van der Werff, 2002); highlighting the species Persea americana Mill. (avocado), reporting an important biological activity as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, antidiabetic and antimalarial (Lima et al, 2012; GuzmánRodríguez et al, 2013; Jesus et al, 2015), especially the fruit of this species, where they found different beneficial properties for human health (Yasir et al, 2010), including phytochemical compounds with potential in use for some types of cancer (Dreher and Davenport, 2013)
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