Bioactive materials for biomedical applications using sol–gel technology

Abstract

This review paper focuses on the sol–gel technology that has been applied in many of the potential research areas and highlights the importance of sol–gel technology for preparing bioactive materials for biomedical applications. The versatility of sol–gel chemistry enables us to manipulate the characteristics of material required for particular applications. Sol–gel derived materials have proved to be good biomaterials for coating films and for the construction of super-paramagnetic nanoparticles, bioactive glasses and fiberoptic applicators for various biomedical applications. The introduction of the sol–gel route in a conventional method of preparing implants improves the mechanical strength, biocompatibility and bioactivity of scaffolds and prevents corrosion of metallic implants. The use of organically modified silanes (ORMOSILS) yields flexible and bioactive materials for soft and hard tissue replacement. A novel approach of nitric-oxide-releasing sol–gels as antibacterial coatings for reducing the infection around orthopedic implants has also been discussed.