Abstract
ABSTRACT: The present study was carried out to check the antifungal potential of Sisymbrium irio L. shoot extract against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (FOC). In preliminary bioassays, different concentrations (1 to 5%) of leaf, stem and fruit extracts were evaluated against FOC. All the extracts were effective against the pathogen. However, the leaf extract was found the most effective causing 25-41% decrease in FOC biomass. The fractionation of methanolic leaf extract was done by two organic solvents namely n-hexane and chloroform. Different concentrations (1.56 to 200 mg mL-1) of these fractions were tested against FOC. The n-hexane and chloroform fractions showed inhibitory activity against the pathogen and resulted in 77-93% and 80-96% reduction in biomass of FOC, respectively. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 24 compounds in n-hexane and 4 compounds in chloroform fraction. In n-hexane fraction, β-sitosterol (18.64%) was the most abundant compound followed by orotic acid, bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-, tert-butyldimethylsilyl ester (12.18%), 10-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (7.90%) and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (6.05%). Major compounds identified in chloroform fraction were 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (50.82%) and di-n-octyl phthalate (33.00%). This study concludes that n-hexane and chloroform fractions of methanolic leaf extract of S. irio contain potent antifungal constituents for the management of FOC.
Highlights
Onion (Allium cepa L.), family Alliaceae, is an important horticultural crop widely cultivated all over the world for domestic use (Rose et al, 2005)
Basal rot of onion caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae causes serious damage and crop failure (Bayraktar, 2010; Akhtar and Javaid, 2018)
The weighed amount (9 g) of crude extract from each part was dissolved in 5 mL of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and stock solutions (15 mL each) were prepared by adding appropriate quantity of autoclaved distilled water
Summary
Onion (Allium cepa L.), family Alliaceae, is an important horticultural crop widely cultivated all over the world for domestic use (Rose et al, 2005). It has been used as spices in roasted, fried and grilled form. Numerous recent studies have shown that crude plant extract and isolated purified compounds from plants have tremendous potential in management of fungal plant pathogens (Javaid et al, 2015, 2017, 2018; Karim et al, 2017; Khurshid et al, 2017). The present work was, conducted to confirm the potential of methanolic extracts of aerial parts of S. irio against this fungal pathogen
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