Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) membranes, with remarkable physical and mechanical properties, emerged as a versatile biopolymeric carrier of bioactive compounds for skin care applications. In this study, BNC membranes were loaded with glycerol (as plasticizer and humectant agent) and different doses (1–3 μg cm−2) of an aqueous extract obtained from the hydro-distillation of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. leaves (HDE), for application as sheet facial masks. All membranes are resistant and highly malleable at dry and wet states, with similar or even better mechanical properties than those of a commercial BNC mask. Moreover, the HDE was found to confer a dose-dependent antioxidant activity to pure BNC. Additionally, upon 3 months of storage at 22–25 °C and 52% relative humidity (RH) or at 40 °C and 75% RH, it was confirmed that the antioxidant activity and the macroscopic aspect of the membrane with 2 μg cm−2 of HDE were maintained. Membranes were also shown to be non-cytotoxic towards HaCaT and NIH/3T3 cells, and the membrane with 2 μg cm−2 of HDE caused a significant reduction in the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in NIH/3T3 cells. These findings suggest the suitability and potential of the obtained membranes as bioactive facial masks for anti-aging applications.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilThe world population is considerably aged due to the decline in birth rate and the improvement in survival, and consequent increase in the average life expectancy, associated with the medical and technological developments achieved over the last decades [1,2].The global population aged 60 or above is expected to reach about 2.1 billion by 2050, representing an increase of approximately twofold from 2017, and the number of people aged 80 or over is expected to nearly triple in the same period [3]
Membranes were dried as previously described, and membranes loaded with glycerol (BNC-G) were prepared following the same procedure
Bioactive Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) membranes, incorporating different doses of an aqueous extract obtained from the hydro-distillation of E. globulus leaves, were prepared, envisioning their application as anti-aging skin care sheet masks
Summary
Introduction published maps and institutional affilThe world population is considerably aged due to the decline in birth rate and the improvement in survival, and consequent increase in the average life expectancy, associated with the medical and technological developments achieved over the last decades [1,2].The global population aged 60 or above is expected to reach about 2.1 billion by 2050, representing an increase of approximately twofold from 2017, and the number of people aged 80 or over is expected to nearly triple in the same period [3]. The world population is considerably aged due to the decline in birth rate and the improvement in survival, and consequent increase in the average life expectancy, associated with the medical and technological developments achieved over the last decades [1,2]. Despite improved longevity, the aging of the skin is an inevitable process, and a growing demand for anti-aging skin care products is expected. Skin aging is a complex biological process combining endogenous and exogenous mechanisms [4]. Endogenous aging is mainly determined by genetic factors and hormonal changes that occur with the normal aging process [4]. Exogenous aging is mediated by external factors (e.g., overexposure to ultraviolet radiation (photoaging), iations
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