Abstract
Snow trout (Schizothorax plagiostomus) is an economically important freshwater fish, mostly found in northern areas of water reservoirs of Pakistan. The current study was conducted in River Swat to analyze the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Ni, and Zn) in tissues of Schizothorax plagiostomus. Tissues were extracted and dissolved in perchloric acid (HClO4) and nitric acid (HNO3) along with hotplate. The heavy metals, zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and Nickel (Ni) were determined using Perkin Elmer 2380 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results shows great variation in the content of the metal related to tissue type and sampling sites. A high concentration of bioaccumulation was reported at Charbagh, whereas lowest at Odigram: Charbagh>Landakai>Odigram. In the same way, Cr was the most accumulated heavy metal followed by lead, nickel, and Zinc.
Highlights
Over the past few decades, it is a matter of concern that aquatic resources are at a higher risk of contamination through various contaminants
The samples were collected from three different sites of River Swat such as “Charbagh, Odigram, and Landakai”
The mean concentration ± standard error of lead in the muscle of Schizothorax plagiostomus at Odigram, Charbagh, and Landakai was 0.21 ± 0.01, 1.94 ± 0.44, and 0.90 ± 0.16ppm respectively, and that in gills was 0.60 ± 0.31, 0.40 ± 0.02, and 1.50 ± 0.48ppm respectively. Along with this high accumulation of Cr was at the Charbagh site and least was at the Odigram site
Summary
Over the past few decades, it is a matter of concern that aquatic resources are at a higher risk of contamination through various contaminants. Heavy metals having high density and toxic at low levels above the permissible limit These metals are potentially toxic, indestructible, and can bio-accumulate in fish body and make them contaminant which in turn shows adverse effects on human health by using seafoods (Khan et al, 2012). Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, chromium are non-essential heavy metals and are toxic at any amount they are present, on the other hand, heavy metals such as nickel, copper, silver, iron, and zinc are essential for the normal metabolism of the body but if their level exceeds from the optimum range, it would lead to toxicity These metals are released to the aquatic ecosystem from both natural and anthropogenic sources such as industrialization, soil erosion, agriculture, mining, and discharge of untreated wastewater (Batool et al, 2014). These accumulated heavy metals result in the delay of hatching, premature hatching, some structural deformations, and even in the death of the hatched larvae
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