Bioaccumulation and toxicity effects of flubendiamide in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Zhiyuan Meng,Zhichao Wang,Yang Zheng,Wangjin Xu,Xiaojun Chen,Jiajia Cui,Yueyi Song,Tianle Fan,Miaomiao Teng

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-17868-7

Abstract

Flubendiamide is a widely used diamide insecticide with many adverse effects on environmental organisms. This study assessed its bioaccumulation and toxicity effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) using LC-MS/MS. The concentrations of flubendiamide in the whole zebrafish increased in the early stages and achieved steady levels at 14 days. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of flubendiamide was 1.125-2.011. Although flubendiamide did not significantly affect the growth phenotypes of zebrafish, it significantly changed the hepatic somatic index (HSI) of zebrafish. Histopathological analysis showed that flubendiamide could cause structural damage to the liver tissue of zebrafish. Further physiological and biochemical analysis showed that flubendiamide significantly changed the activity of catalase (CAT) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in liver of zebrafish. Moreover, flubendiamide significantly changed the mRNA expression levels of cell apoptosis-related genes, including p53, puma, caspase-3, caspase-9, apaf-1, and bax in liver of zebrafish. In summary, these results indicate that flubendiamide can cause liver damage by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in the liver of zebrafish. This study provides a background for further safety evaluation of flubendiamide to aquatic organisms.

Highlights

As a new type of broad-spectrum and high-efficiency pesticides, diamide insecticides are widely used in agricultural production (Teixeira &Andaloro 2013), making them ubiquitous in the natural environment (Caboni et al 2008, Sharma et al 2014, Song et al 2019), thereby bringing potential toxicity risks to environmental organisms
The results showed that based on optimal MS parameters, the highest sensitivity could be achieved for flubendiamide using methanol and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution containing 0.1% acetic acid as mobile phases and using the MRM negative mode
M/z 214 was selected as the qualitative ion of flubendiamide, and m/z 254 was selected as the quantitative ion of flubendiamide

Summary

Introduction

As a new type of broad-spectrum and high-efficiency pesticides, diamide insecticides are widely used in agricultural production (Teixeira &Andaloro 2013), making them ubiquitous in the natural environment (Caboni et al 2008, Sharma et al 2014, Song et al 2019), thereby bringing potential toxicity risks to environmental organisms. The toxicity risks of diamide insecticides in aquatic organisms has received more and more attention (Barbee et al 2010), but the current research is very limited. As one of the earliest applied diamide insecticides, the impacts of flubendiamide on environmental organisms has attracted more and more attention (Sarkar et al 2014). Chronic flubendiamide exposure could induce oxidative stress in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves (Ranjan et al 2018). Previous studies had shown that flubendiamide was high toxicity to Daphnia magna during acute and chronic exposure. The above study suggests that flubendiamide may have potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms. It is necessary to study the toxicological effects of flubendiamide on aquatic organisms

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