Abstract
a‐ and g‐Mangostin (MG) are the most abundant prenylated xanthones present in the fruit of the mangosteen tree. These compounds have been reported to possess numerous bioactivities that have provided the impetus for use of mangosteen products in functional foods and dietary supplements. The health‐promoting benefits of mangosteen are dependent on delivery of the xanthones to target tissues. Here, we used simulated digestion and Caco‐2 cells to investigate the digestive stability, bioaccessibility and intestinal cell transport and metabolism of α‐ and γ‐MG. Transfer of a‐ and g‐MG to the aqueous fraction during simulated digestion was efficient (65‐74%) and dependent on bile salts, suggesting that micellarization is required for optimal bioaccessibility of xanthones. Cell uptake of xanthones from micelles was dose dependent and intracellular concentrations were maximum by 1h. Free and phase II metabolites of α‐MG were present in apical and basolateral media. The distribution of free plus conjugated α‐MG in the apical, cellular and basolateral compartments after 6 h was 79.7 ± 2.5, 11.8 ± 2.2 and 8.5 ± 1.7%, respectively; total recovery of α‐mangostin in wells ranged from 98‐101%. Transepithelial transport of free α‐MG significantly increased during prandial‐like compared to fasted conditions, suggesting fat mediated enhancement of absorption. Supported by NRC of Thailand and OARDC.
Published Version
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