Abstract
α-lactalbumin (α-LA) might increase its antioxidant potential after hydrolysis. In particular, low molecular weight (LMW) peptides showed greater antioxidant capacity. Different hydrolysis conditions with Alcalase enzyme were optimized with a composite central design and surface methodology. Sample obtained after 0.1% (w/w enzyme:substrate), 60 min hydrolysis, ultrafiltrated with membranes of 3 kDa (named 4 LMW), showed the greatest antioxidant values: 1.574 ± 0.060 and 1.636 ± 0.076 μmolTE/mg of protein for ABTS and ORAC-FL, respectively. Sample 4 LMW produced mild ACE inhibition capacity, 22% related to Captopril. 4 LMW was submitted to in vitro gastrointestinal conditions using α-amylase, pepsin, pancreatin and bile-extract; its antioxidant capacity was enhanced by the shorter peptides released, confirmed by SE-HPLC. Antioxidant capacity of digested 4 LMW sample (D 4 LMW) was 1.743 ± 0.086 and 2.542 ± 0.245 μmolTE/mg of protein for ABTS and ORAC-FL, respectively, showing improvement on bioaccessibility. Intestinal cells viability was higher for D 4 LMW.
Highlights
Protein content and hydrolysis percentage were determined in the low molecular weight (LMW) fractions of samples 1 to 7 with the exception of sample 3, where hydrolysis conditions led to gelation
For ultrafiltrated LMW hydrolysates, hydrolysis percentages determined by SE-HPLC were approximately 0 for samples with 0 minutes of reaction; no significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between samples 5, 6 and 7 which have the same reaction conditions
Sample 4 LMW had no significant differences in hydrolysis percentage compared to samples
Summary
Oxidative stress is caused by the production of free radicals from normal cellular metabolism of aerobic organisms. Free radicals are atoms or molecules that have at least one unpaired electron [2]. Aerobic organisms have endogen mechanisms to undergo free radicals’ production but oxidative stress is displayed when there is a cellular disbalance caused by an overproduction of these compounds producing modifications on proteins, lipids and DNA, cellular dysfunction [1]. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are involved in diseases such as cancer, diabetes, ischemia, infection, Parkinson’s disease, atherosclerosis and arthritis, among others [3]
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