Abstract
Microbial pigments, regarded as the most potential biomass pigments, have lately attracted increasing attention in textile dyeing due to their sustainability and cleaner production. The pyrrole structure microbial pigment, called prodigiosin, recently have become a research hotspot for its bright colors and antibacterial function. However, in most case the extraction and preparation are time-consuming and expensive processes since these kinds of microbial pigments are intracellular metabolites. In order to promote the application of microbial pigments in textile dyeing, a novel idea of preparing dye liquid of pyrrole structure pigments based on fermentation broth was put forward via increasing the proportion of extracellular pigments. A model membrane platform was established with a planar lipid bilayer to investigate transmembrane transport of microbial pigments and permeability barrier of cell membrane. The nano-dispersion of pigments was produced as the dye liquor owing to high-throughput transmembrane transfer of intracellular pigments and the increase of extracellular pigments proportion. The results indicated that the size and surface electrical properties of the pigments had contributed much to the mass transfer. It is also showed that transmembrane transmission of the intracellular pigments could be regulated by physical and chemical methods. With the improvement of transmembrane transfer efficiency of microbial pigments and the proportion of extracellular pigments, the complicated biological separation process could be avoided and the application of microbial pigments in textile dyeing can be promoted.
Highlights
Cleaner production has become the theme of textile dyeing in recent years
The smaller volumes of substances tended to decrease the resistance to motion within the phospholipid bilayer, which was beneficial for the transmembrane transport
Both the methods of adding permeability agents and the physical treatment can improve the permeability of the cell membrane and the effect of the former method was more obvious
Summary
Cleaner production has become the theme of textile dyeing in recent years. Biomass pigments have attracted more attention in the dyeing process owing to their excellent characteristics such as sustainability, natural functionality and biocompatibility. Microbial pigments are considered as a promising source for dyestuff of textile. The red pigment derived from organism is an important member in the family of dyestuff from biomass. Pyrrole structure microbial pigment, called prodigiosin, recently have become a research hotspot for its bright colors and antibacterial function [8,9]. This pigment was a kind of intracellular metabolite. Pyrrole structure red pigments had to be extracted from the interior of thalli by organic solvent before preparing dye liquor. The use of organic solvents increased the cost, and did not conform to the cleaner production [10,11]
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