Abstract
Vehicular Ad-Hoc NETworks (VANETs) have received considerable attention in recent years, due to its unique characteristics, which are different from Mobile Ad-Hoc NETworks (MANETs) such as rapid topology change, frequent link failure, and high vehicle mobility. VANET will provide several applications and services such as cooperative collision avoidance, emergency warning messages, cooperative intersection collision avoidance, and traffic management. VANET’s routing objective is to conduct packets through a path in the network to their final destinations. Currently, most of the proposed VANET routing protocols focus on urban or highway environments. The contribution of the paper falls within the study of VANET routing protocol in extreme and complex environments such as underground mines. This paper addresses the need for a bio-inspired adaptive routing protocol in VANETs which can tolerate low-density network traffic with little throughput and delay variation.
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