Abstract
Nature developed numerous solutions to solve various technical problems related to material surfaces by combining the physico-chemical properties of a material with periodically aligned micro/nanostructures in a sophisticated manner. The utilization of ultra-short pulsed lasers allows mimicking numerous of these features by generating laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). In this review paper, we describe the physical background of LIPSS generation as well as the physical principles of surface related phenomena like wettability, reflectivity, and friction. Then we introduce several biological examples including e.g., lotus leafs, springtails, dessert beetles, moth eyes, butterfly wings, weevils, sharks, pangolins, and snakes to illustrate how nature solves technical problems, and we give a comprehensive overview of recent achievements related to the utilization of LIPSS to generate superhydrophobic, anti-reflective, colored, and drag resistant surfaces. Finally, we conclude with some future developments and perspectives related to forthcoming applications of LIPSS-based surfaces.
Highlights
In the course of evolution, animals and plants have developed numerous skills and structures to ensure their survival
On rough surfaces the measured contact angle often differs from the intrinsic one. This was first described by Wenzel in 1936 [28], who implemented a roughness factor r > 1, which represents the ratio of the true surface area of the solid to its horizontal projection (Figure 2b)
According to Cassie-Baxters wetting state, water that is in contact to a superhydrophobic surface forms droplets that can unroll a surface at very low angles of inclination
Summary
In the course of evolution, animals and plants have developed numerous skills and structures to ensure their survival For this purpose, nature continuously optimized the properties of materials via natural selection. Related activities aim on learning from nature how to develop technical systems whose function simulates natural systems and how to prepare artificial materials and surfaces with so far unrivalled properties. For this purpose, numerous different physical, chemical and mechanical methods are available to synthesis functional surfaces. In recent ultra-short beams areused pulsed in the fslaser-induced to ps range were used surface structures (LIPSS) These structures attracted particular interest in research and development to prepare laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). Generation of LIPSS and on their exploitation to mimic functional biological surfaces
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