Abstract
Emodin, a compound isolated from Aspergillusterreus, was studied using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods and compound purity (96%) was assessed by TLC. Furthermore, high larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti-AeA (LC50 6.156 and LC90 12.450mg/L), Culex quinquefasciatus-CuQ (8.216 and 14.816mg/L), and Anopheles stephensi-AnS larvae (6.895 and 15.24mg/L) was recorded. The first isolated fraction (emodin) showed higher pupicidal activity against AeA (15.449 and 20.752mg/L). Most emodin-treated larvae (ETL) showed variations in acetylcholine esterase, α and β-carboxylesterases, and phosphatase activities in the 4th instar, indicating the intrinsic differences in their biochemical changes. ETL had numerous altered tissues, including muscle, gastric caeca, hindgut, midgut, nerve ganglia, and midgut epithelium. Acute toxicity of emodin on brine shrimp Artemia nauplii (54.0 and 84.5mg/L) and the zebrafish Danio rerio (less toxicity observed) was recorded. In docking studies, Emodin interacted well with odorant-binding-proteins of AeA, AnS, and CuQ with docking scores of - 8.89, - 6.53, and - 8.09kcalmol-1, respectively. Therefore, A. terreus is likely to be effective against mosquito larvicides.
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