Abstract
Brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is the most damaging rice pest affecting stable rice yields worldwide. Currently, methods for controlling BPH include breeding a BPH-resistant cultivar and using synthetic pesticides. Nevertheless, the continuous cultivation of resistant cultivars allows for the emergence of various resistant races, and the use of synthetic pesticides can induce environmental pollution as well as the emergence of unpredictable new pest species. As plants cannot migrate to other locations on their own to combat various stresses, the production of secondary metabolites allows plants to protect themselves from stress and tolerate their reproduction. Pesticides using natural products are currently being developed to prevent environmental pollution and ecosystem disturbance caused by synthetic pesticides. In this study, after BPH infection in rice, chrysoeriol7 (C7), a secondary metabolite that induces resistance against BPH, was assessed. After C7 treatment and BPH infection, relative expression levels of the flavonoid-related genes were elevated, suggesting that in plants subjected to BPH, compounds related to flavonoids, among the secondary metabolites, play an important role in inducing resistance. The plant-derived natural compound chrysoeriol7 can potentially thus be used to develop environmentally friendly pesticides. The suggested control of BPH can be effectively used to alleviate concerns regarding environmental pollution and to construct a relatively safe rice breeding environment.
Highlights
The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal., BPH) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) is a rice (Oryza sativa L.) pest
Bio-scoring is a method of classifying the phenotype of each rice cultivars after BPH infection into resistant or susceptible according to the data presented by The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
The results of this study demonstrate that C7, a plant defense metabolite that infers resistance to BPH, is an eco-friendly and safe compound that can be used effectively as an alternative to synthetic pesticides, contributing to the alleviation of environmental pollution concerns
Summary
The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal., BPH) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) is a rice (Oryza sativa L.) pest. Among Homoptera, BPH has the greatest contribution the decrease in yield and grain quality [2,3]. Depending on the growing stage of rice, the resistance against BPH is at different levels, reducing the tiller number and 1000-grain weight, and having a negative effect on yield and grain quality [4,5]. The control of BPH is predominantly achieved by means of synthetic pesticides [6]. BPH inhabits rice stems and has a high replication rate [7]; its control using chemical pesticides is relatively ineffective [8]. Research has been reported in which speciation was shown to cause resistance to synthetic pesticides, due to the control of BPH with synthetic pesticides. Pesticides using a natural substance can solve such problems [12]
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