Abstract
Brown Planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, imposes a significant threat to the rice cultivation in Sri Lanka, generating 5–10% of annual yield losses. Rice farmers mainly adopt chemical methods to control the BPH attacks. The intensive use of insecticides is a crucial trigger for the development of resistance and hence continuous BPH outbreaks. Thus, the chemical methods of control do not provide a permanent solution to the BPH. The most recommended strategy of resolving the BPH crisis in rice is the development of resistant cultivars. Most of the Sri Lankan rice germplasm has already been screened for BPH resistance; however, reliable molecular breeding strategies must be implemented to acieve this target. Development of BPH resistant cultivars relies on utilizing appropriate genomic selection protocols in breeding schemes such as marker-assisted backcrossing. Therefore, a literature survey was carried out to evaluate BPH control methods and to emphasize the employment of backcross breeding with the genomic selection approach as a precise tool to develop BPH resistant rice varieties. The genetic basis of BPH resistance has been unravelled for many rice cultivars however, further screening is required to identify locally available resistant sources. The polymorphic markers for the foreground and background selection must be developed for the introgression of the BPH resistant genes and recovery of the recurrent parent genome. The validation of the markers developed in the international breeding and genetics programmes for the local germplasm is also an essential step prior to the genomic selection of BPH resistant rice varieties.
Highlights
Brown Planthopper (BPH), (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is one of the most destructive pests in rice farming (Visarto et al 2001; Matsumura and Morimura 2010)
These studies have enabled the detection of BPH resistant genes (Table 1) that can be successfully employed in developing broad-spectrum resistance, achieved by integrating several resistant genes into a single susceptible cultivar (Khush 1977; Khush et al 1985)
Despite the attempts to improve the agronomic quality of rice, Marker-Assisted Backcross Breeding (MABB) has not been widely employed for the development of BPH resistant varieties
Summary
Brown Planthopper (BPH), (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is one of the most destructive pests in rice farming (Visarto et al 2001; Matsumura and Morimura 2010). Prolong and persistent outbreaks of BPH resulting devastating effects have been encountered by rice-growing nations worldwide including Sri Lanka. Farmers experience secondary outbreaks and resurgences, mainly because of this continuous application of insecticides without concerning the long-term effects rather than short term solutions (Lim and Heong 1984; Wu et al 2004). BPH resistant rice varieties produced through breeding are recognized as the most reliable solution to tackle the problem (Pathak and Khush 1979; Horgan 2009). Marker-Assisted Backcross Breeding (MABB) has not been widely employed in achieving resistance against diverse BPH biotypes up to date. We reviewed the genetics of BPH tolerance in rice and the application of backcross breeding to produce BPH tolerant varieties
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