Abstract
Diversity of the different types of chilies in Mexico has been scarcely studied, and a large variety have been found to be, such as Manzano chili. Root rot caused by oomycete Phytophthora capsici is a severe disease that affects Manzano chili production in Mexico, detracted from its production and quality. The use of biological control agents such as Trichodermanative’s species, represents an efficient alternative to reduce losses and control the disease. For this reason, the objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the antagonistic effect in vitro and in vivo of four native strains of Trichoderma spp., on Phytophthora capsici in seedlings of Manzano chili from Puebla-Mexico was evaluated. Dual culture technique was used to determine the percentage of inhibition of radial growth (PICR) of the PC-A strain of P. capsici. Analysis of the percentage of germination was also carried out, as well as the incidence of root rot at 20 days after inoculation with the pathogen (dai) in the nursery. T. harzianum strain presented the highest PICR (42.86%) of antagonistic level in vitro and class I in the Bell scale, in addition, it obtained 88% germination in the nursery and 10% mortality at 20 dai, higher than the other native strains of Trichoderma. The bio-controlling effect of strains of Trichoderma spp., offers an effective alternative for root necrosis caused by P. capsici in the cultivation of Manzano chili in Puebla-Mexico.
Highlights
Chili is a fundamental and representative ingredient of Mexican diet, and which is considered the first domesticated crop in the American continent
Development rate and growth speed showed significant differences (p ≥ 0.05), where T. harzianum obtained highest value (Table 3) with 1.27 ± 0.08 mm/h and 1.52 ± 0.02 cm d-1, respectively. Results similar to those reported by Morales et al.[25] where it reports a growth speed for T. harzianum (TH-4) of 1.86 ± 0.22 cm d-1 and 1.67 ± 0.01 mm/h
The pathogen P. capsici obtained lowest growth speed (0.67 ± 0.06 cm d-1), higher results than those reported by Andrade-Hoyos et al.[10] where they show that growth rate is different in species of pathogens, including P. capsici
Summary
Chili is a fundamental and representative ingredient of Mexican diet, and which is considered the first domesticated crop in the American continent. Its use is related to generation of resistance fungal, damage to environment and human health[10] Under this premise, biological control is considered an efficient and friendly with the environment practice, for the development of sustainable agriculture[11]. The objectives of this research work were: A) Determine antagonistic capacity and percentage of inhibition of radial growth in vitro of four native strains of Trichoderma spp., upon PC-A strain of P. capsici; B) Analyze percentage of germination and root rot of Manzano chili seedlings at 20 days after pathogen inoculation in nursery
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