Abstract
The abundance of Cu-contaminated effluents and the serious risk of contamination of the aquatic systems combine to provide strong motivating factors to tackle this environmental problem. The treatment of polluted effluents by rhizofiltration and biosorption is an interesting ecological alternative. Taking advantage of the remarkable ability of the selected plants to bioconcentrate copper into roots, these methods have been exploited for the decontamination of copperrich effluents. Herein, we present an overview on the utility of the resulted copper-rich biomass for the preparation of novel bio-sourced copper-based catalysts for copper-mediated reactions: from the bioaccumulation of copper in plant, to the preparation and full analysis of the new Eco-Cu catalysts, and their application in selected key reactions. The hydrolysis of a thiophosphate, an Ullmanntype coupling leading to N- and O-arylated compounds, and a CuAAC “click” reaction, all performed under green and environmentally friendly conditions, will be described.
Highlights
Numerous of the greatest successes of organometallic and inorganic chemistry are based on the use of metal complexes for catalysis and organic synthesis [1,2]
We will focus on the rhizofiltration and biosorption that have been used by Grison et al to prepare copper ecocatalysts [69,70,71]
The first examples of Cu catalysts of plant origin, Eco-Cu, were presented in this review. These catalysts resulted from the bioaccumulation of copper by living or dead aquatic plants
Summary
Numerous of the greatest successes of organometallic and inorganic chemistry are based on the use of metal complexes for catalysis and organic synthesis [1,2]. MOF [49], efficiently reconcile copper-catalysis forimmobilized organic synthesis with theCuI protection of the on environment, alumina-supported CuO [50], and recent mesoporous copper supported on manganese oxide material (meso Cu/MnOx) [51] as well as copper oxide catalysts supported on three dimensional mesoporous aluminosilicates [52] are certainly worth mentioning. Given the importance of copper-based catalysis, the purpose of this review is to discuss the recent advances in the preparation of the first fully bio-based, ecological copper catalysts, named Eco-Cu, and their application in organic synthesis. This part highlights the possibility and feasibility to efficiently reconcile copper-catalysis for organic synthesis with the protection of the environment, including the preservation or remediation of aquatic systems. The synthetic potential of Eco-Cu will be illustrated through three major applications of copper catalysis: (i) the hydrolysis of the thiophosphate group in an important example of parathion [68], (ii) the Ullmann coupling for N- and O-arylation [69], and (iii) the CuAAC “click” reaction performed under green and environmentally friendly conditions [70]
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