Abstract
This paper describes the preparation of formaldehyde-free plywood bio-adhesive using hydrochar from sewage sludge in the presence (and absence) of aqueous phase containing a high content of inorganic matter. Aqueous phase recycling was observed to enhance the removal of low molecular weight proteins and the retention of large molecular weight proteins in hydrochar. The hydrochar-based bio-adhesive, incorporating the aqueous phase, exhibits excellent wet shear strength, meeting the Chinese national standard GB/T 9846-2015 (≥0.7 MPa). The wet shear strength of the bio-adhesive with tap water surpasses that of the bio-adhesive with the aqueous phase. During hot-pressing, both low molecular weight proteins in the aqueous phase and large molecular weight proteins in hydrochar participate in existing reactions including those between inter-components in bio-adhesives and bio-adhesives/plywood. The presence of low molecular weight proteins in the aqueous phase negatively affects wet shear strength and water resistance. The formation of covalent bonds, such as C–N and C–O–C, emerges as the key factor to enhance the wet shear strength of bio-adhesives. This study presents a novel approach for the valorization of sewage sludge, particularly the aqueous phase.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
