Bimetallic Ag–Au alloy nanocubes for SERS based sensitive detection of explosive molecules

Abstract

We have fabricated Ag–Au alloy nanocubes using the galvanic replacement of silver nanocubes by aqueous HAuCl4 and investigated their morphological, structural, compositional and optical properties. The inter-diffusion between silver and gold at 100 °C leads to the formation of Ag–Au alloy nanocubes with hollow interiors. A broad tuning of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) wavelength from 624 nm to 920 nm is obtained with the varying volume of HAuCl4. When excited at wavelength 785 nm, the bimetallic Ag–Au nanocubes with pinholes exhibit two-fold Raman intensity enhancement compared to pristine Ag nanocubes. The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate prepared with Ag–Au alloy nanocubes shows high-intensity enhancement factor of 1.9 × 107 for 11.2 wt% Au content. The SERS-active Ag–Au alloy nanocubes substrates were exploited for the detection of two explosive molecules; p-nitrobenzoic acid (PNBA) and picric acid (PA). Remarkable detection sensitivity and ultra-low detection limit of 1.7 × 10–14 M for PNBA and 4.1 × 10–11 M for PA were obtained, demonstrating the very high SERS detection capabilities of the as-prepared substrate.