BIM-технологии в решении проблем управления строительными отходами

Abstract

During the process of new construction and demolition of old buildings, a huge amount of waste is generated. In some regions, the construction industry is responsible for more than half of the solid waste generated. From a technical point of view, it is impossible to completely eliminate construction waste, but it must be managed to minimize the negative impact on the environment. The goal of all participants in the project work program should not only be to complete the construction of the building as soon as possible, but also to comply with environmental requirements. In developed countries, for several decades, the rules for handling such waste have been introduced at the legislative level, and they are constantly being improved. At the state level, laws are passed regarding the recycling and reuse of building materials in order to reduce waste. Scientists are also developing waste management strategies and models for construction and demolition. As a result, up to 90% of such waste "gets a second life", i.e. reused in the manufacturing process. In Russia, this problem has not yet been given enough attention, which is why no more than 30% of construction waste is reused. This article analyzes the causes of waste generation in the construction sector, highlights their main categories. To solve the problem, recommendations are proposed on some promising areas for the development of the construction industry. The need to amend the legal framework governing the process of construction and demolition (C&D) was noted. As an innovative vector of development, the potential of building information modeling (BIM) technology for managing the design and construction of buildings, including waste management, is being explored. It is noted that BIM allows you to effectively manage construction and demolition waste, avoiding problems at all stages of the building life cycle. As a result of the study, recommendations were developed for the implementation of specific measures for the construction waste management strategy using BIM.