Abstract
Gonadoblastoma is a rare ovarian neoplasm which belongs to “germ cell-sex cord-stromal tumor” category. This tumor is frequently associated with invasive germ cell malignancy. It commonly arises in dysgenetic gonads of young individuals who are phenotypically females but possess 46XY karyotype. It has been rarely reported in females with normal phenotype and genotype.We herein describe a case of 10-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain, abdominal distention and fever. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed bilateral ovarian masses, ascites and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels were also elevated. She underwent left salpingo-oophorectomy, right ovarian biopsy, omentectomy and para-aortic lymphadenopathy.Microscopically, tumor showed in situ and invasive components. In situ component was arranged in nests and lobules formed by immature sertoli cells forming acini and encircling large polygonal primitive germ cells. Immature sertoli cells were positive for immunohitochemical (IHC) stains cytokeratin AE1/AE3, inhibin and calretinin, while germ cells were positive for SALL4, Oct 3/4, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and CD117. Invasive component was arranged in sheets of large-sized, polygonal-shaped primitive germ cells which were also positive for SALL4, Oct 3/4, PLAP and CD117 IHC stains. Hence, the diagnosis of “gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma” was made. The tumor was limited to both ovaries. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood revealed normal female 46XX karyotype. The patient received two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy and was then lost to follow-up.We conclude that gonadoblastoma, although rare, should be considered as a differential diagnosis in ovarian tumors of young females. Invasive germ cell component should always be carefully searched for as it guides about treatment and predicts prognosis.
Highlights
Gonadoblastoma is a rare ovarian neoplasm that comprises a mixture of primitive germ cells and immature sex cord cells [1,2]
Tumor is composed of acini formed by sex cord-type cells arranged around primitive germ cells [1,5]
Gonadoblastomas are associated with malignant germ cell tumors, typically dysgerminoma or occasionally immature teratoma, yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma or choriocarcinoma [1,6,7]
Summary
Gonadoblastoma is a rare ovarian neoplasm that comprises a mixture of primitive germ cells and immature sex cord cells [1,2]. Evaluation of serum tumor markers revealed raised levels of LDH and normal levels of AFP and β-HCG Based on these findings, exploratory laparotomy, left salpingo-oophorectomy, right ovarian biopsy, paraaortic lymph node sampling and partial omentectomy were performed. Cut surface of the smaller ovary was firm, pale white, solid and gritty Microscopic examination of both ovarian masses revealed a neoplastic lesion comprising of germ cell and sex cord-stromal components arranged in sheets along with nests and lobules separated by fibrous septae (Figures 1A, 1B). Patient received two cycles of chemotherapy (bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin), and she was lost to follow-up
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