Abstract
Bilateral diplomacy covers the way relations between pairs of countries are managed. It differs from multilateral diplomacy, including regional variants, in the partners engaged, but not in the intrinsic techniques. It is a principal task of foreign ministries, embassies, and consulates. Three decades of globalization and enhanced interdependence among states have intensified bilateral diplomacy, which means that an ever‐widening range of subjects are part of the global dialogue, that foreign ministries work with many state and non‐state actors, that volatile, unpredictable international events demand a rapid response, and that domestic and external issues have telescoped, making foreign policy issues more open to publics and attracting their interest. As a consequence of these developments foreign ministries and embassy networks function in new ways, and the forms of diplomatic representation are changing. In spite of this, many fundamental diplomatic methods have remained unchanged. The 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations remains the bedrock of bilateral diplomacy. Diplomatic systems engage in continual adaptation and innovation, using new modes of communication, but the essence of bilateral diplomacy remains unaltered.
Published Version
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