Abstract
Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) are the promising materials in the various applications due to their unique properties like large surface area, biocompatibility, stability, excellent optical and electrical properties. Surface, optical and electrical properties are highly dependent on particle size, doping of different materials and so on. Porous structures in silicon nanomaterials not only improve the specific surface area, adsorption, and photoluminescence efficiency but also provide numbers of voids as well as the high surface to volume ratio and enhance the adsorption ability. In this review, we focus on the significance of porous silicon/mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs/mSiNPs) in the applications of energy storage, sensors and bioscience. Silicon as anode material in the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) faces a huge change in volume during charging/discharging which leads to cracking, electrical contact loss and unstable solid electrolyte interphase. To overcome challenges of Si anode in the LIBs, mSiNPs are the promising candidates with different structures and coating of different materials to enhance electrochemical properties. On the basis of optical properties with tunable wavelength, pSiNPs are catching good results in biosensors and gas sensors. The mSiNPs with different structures and modified surfaces are playing an important role in the detection of biomarkers, drug delivery and diagnosis of cancer and tumors.
Highlights
OF SILICON-BASED NANOSTRUCTURESSilicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been remained a material of great interest with versatile and promising applications compared to the bulk material due to their physical and chemical properties (Dinh et al, 1996; Shiohara et al, 2009)
We focus on the significance of porous silicon/mesoporous silicon nanoparticles in the applications of energy storage, sensors and bioscience
Solid electrolyte interphase developed on the particle by an electrolyte which leads to electrical contact loss
Summary
Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been remained a material of great interest with versatile and promising applications compared to the bulk material due to their physical and chemical properties (Dinh et al, 1996; Shiohara et al, 2009). Porous Silicon Nanomaterials properties of SiNPs strongly depend upon quantum confinement effect which varies with changes in particle size, concentration, and functionalization (Trwoga et al, 1998; Dancil et al, 1999; Ledoux et al, 2002). Mesoporous structure of silicon improves surface to volume ratio, physical adsorption and electrical resistivity of silicon due to large void spaces (Karlsson et al, 2004; Hajji et al, 2006; Lasave et al, 2013; Azadeh et al, 2018) On behalf of these structural base properties, porous silicon nanomaterials have high potential to resolve challenges in different fields i.e. energy storage devices, sensors and biomedical applications (Yang et al, 2014a, 2016; Wang et al, 2015). The large area of nano-structure and greater voids of porous structure provided a large surface to the diffusivity of lithium ions and controlled the pulverization and compensated the electrical contact loss
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