Bifurcations in the Firing of Neuronal Population Caused by a Small Difference in Pulse Parameters During Sustained Stimulations in Rat Hippocampus in Vivo.

Abstract

The bifurcation of neuronal firing is one of important nonlinear phenomena in the nervous system and is characterized by a significant change in the rate or temporal pattern of neuronal firing on responding to a small disturbance from external inputs. Previous studies have reported firing bifurcations for individual neurons, not for a population of neurons. We hypothesized that the integrated firing of a neuronal population could also show a bifurcation behavior that should be important in certain situations such as deep brain stimulations. The hypothesis was verified by experiments of rat hippocampus in vivo. Stimulation sequences of paired-pulses with two different inter-pulse-intervals (IPIs) or with two different pulse intensities were applied on the alveus of hippocampal CA1 region in anaesthetized rats. The amplitude and area of antidromic population spike (APS) were used as indices to evaluate the differences in the responses of neuronal population to the different pulses in stimulations. During sustained paired-pulse stimulations with a high mean pulse frequency such as ∼130 Hz, a small difference of only a few percent in the two IPIs or in the two intensities was able to generate a sequence of evoked APSs with a substantial bifurcation in their amplitudes and areas. Small differences in the excitatory inputs can cause nonlinearly enlarged differences in the induced firing of neuronal populations. The novel dynamics and bifurcation of neuronal responses to electrical stimulations provide important clues for developing new paradigms to extend neural stimulations to treat more diseases.