Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (HN019) on clinical periodontal parameters (plaque accumulation and gingival bleeding), on immunocompetence of gingival tissues [expression of beta-defensin (BD)-3, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), cluster of differentiation(CD)-57 and CD-4], and on immunological properties of saliva (IgA levels) in non-surgical periodontal therapy in generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) patients. Adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) and the antimicrobial properties of HN019 were also investigated.Materials and methodsThirty patients were recruited and monitored clinically at baseline (before scaling and root planing—SRP) and after 30 and 90 days. Patients were randomly assigned to Test (SRP+Probiotic, n = 15) or Control (SRP+Placebo, n = 15) group. Probiotic lozenges were used for 30 days. Gingival tissues and saliva were immunologically analyzed. The adhesion of HN019 with or without Porphyromonas gingivalis in BEC and its antimicrobial properties were investigated in in vitro assays. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05).ResultsTest group presented lower plaque index (30 days) and lower marginal gingival bleeding (90 days) when compared with Control group. Higher BD-3, TLR4 and CD-4 expressions were observed in gingival tissues in Test group than in Control group. HN019 reduced the adhesion of P. gingivalis to BEC and showed antimicrobial potential against periodontopathogens.ConclusionImmunological and antimicrobial properties of B. lactis HN019 make it a potential probiotic to be used in non-surgical periodontal therapy of patients with GCP.Clinical relevanceB. lactis HN019 may be a potential probiotic to improve the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy.Name of the registry and registration number (ClinicalTrials.gov): “Effects of probiotic therapy in the treatment of periodontitis”—NCT03408548.
Highlights
In periodontal diseases, the first triggering mechanism is dental plaque accumulation as a result of poor oral hygiene [1]
Immunological and antimicrobial properties of B. lactis HN019 make it a potential probiotic to be used in non-surgical periodontal therapy of patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP)
This finding has led to strict professional plaque control (PPC) as part of the periodontal treatment [6, 7], but with the inconvenience that it is difficult to ensure that patients return to the dental office frequently for long periods
Summary
The first triggering mechanism is dental plaque accumulation as a result of poor oral hygiene [1]. Some studies have suggested that several periodontal pathogens may colonize supragingival biofilm, which can contribute to subgingival recolonization of recently treated sites [2,3,4,5]. This finding has led to strict professional plaque control (PPC) as part of the periodontal treatment [6, 7], but with the inconvenience that it is difficult to ensure that patients return to the dental office frequently for long periods. The control of inflammation is of paramount importance for managing the infection [8]
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