Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible benefits (in terms of periodontal status improvement and periodontal bacteria count reduction) of using 980 nm diode laser in the treatment of periodontitis in patients after myocardial infarction. Thirty-six patients under 65 years of age (mean: 56.3 ± 7.9) with periodontitis, 6 weeks to 6 months after myocardial infarction, were recruited for the study. The control group (n = 18) received SRP (scaling, root planing and polishing) while the test group (n = 18) received SRP followed by laser therapy of the periodontal pockets with 980 nm diode laser, 1 W, continuous wave mode, 20 s per tooth side. Procedures were repeated twice at 5–7 day intervals. Microbiological and periodontal examination, including periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque control record (PCR), were performed before treatment, 2 weeks and 3 months after treatment. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with Identifier: NCT04145557, 29.10.2019 “retrospectively registered”. Additional use of laser resulted in a significant reduction in pockets with PPD ≥ 7 mm (p = 0.0151). The diode laser reduced total bacteria count (p = 0.0154) and delayed recolonisation during a 3-month observation period. A significant increase in the number of Capnocytophaga gingivalis was observed in the control group (p = 0.048). Additional use of the diode laser after SRP had no significant effect on BOP, CAL and PCR. Within the limitations of our study, we can conclude that 980 nm diode laser can be a useful tool in the treatment of periodontitis in patients after myocardial infarction.
Highlights
IntroductionCurrent researches have shown that inflammation in the oral cavity, in particular periodontitis, affects the general state of health, including the development and course of atherosclerosis [2, 3]
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) including myocardial infarction (MI) caused 17.9 million deaths worldwide in 2016, representing 31% of all global deaths and it is the leading cause of mortality [1].Current researches have shown that inflammation in the oral cavity, in particular periodontitis, affects the general state of health, including the development and course of atherosclerosis [2, 3]
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of SRP alone versus SRP + diode laser therapy with 980 nm laser, 1 W, continuous wave mode (CW), repeated 3 times in 2 weeks in patients after MI who deal with periodontitis by means of clinical periodontal parameters (PPD, clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP)) and microbial reduction in 3-month observation period
Summary
Current researches have shown that inflammation in the oral cavity, in particular periodontitis, affects the general state of health, including the development and course of atherosclerosis [2, 3]. Both periodontitis and CVD share similar risk factors and have an inflammatory origin [4,5,6]. There is an increase in the level of pro-inflammatory mediators in the response to the presence of Gram-negative lipopolysaccharides, CRP (C-reactive protein), IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α), fibrinogen and MMP-9 (metalloproteinase-9) They contribute to the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaque. Cross-reactivity is triggered by the presence of oral bacteria, Porphyromonas
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