Abstract
The objective of this paper is to propose bidirectional charging/discharging strategies for three-phase grid-tied converters. The bidirectional power flow control feature of the converter is able to realize both charging and discharging capability. Besides, in order to achieve high charging efficiency as well as extend the life of the battery, five charging strategies are adopted and developed: 1) the constant current (CC) charging, 2) the pulse-ripple-current (PRC) charging, 3) the sinusoidal-ripple-current (SRC) charging, 4) the bidirectional pulse-ripple-current (BPRC) charging and 5) the bidirectional sinusoidal-ripple-current (BSRC) charging. The direct quadrature (d-q) transformation is utilized for the converter to realize different charging methods. These methods can be achieved by the digital signal processor (DSP) without adding extra circuit components. In addition, the charging power differences between each strategy are considered and analyzed in this paper. Finally, both simulation and experimental results obtained from a 5-kW prototype circuit verify the performance and feasibility of the proposed bidirectional charger.
Highlights
Over the past few decades, novel energy technologies such as renewable energy generation systems, electric vehicles and advanced consumer electronics have been rapidly developed to deal with the fossil fuel usage and carbon dioxide emission issues [1]–[4]
The bidirectional charger has become an essential component for the electric vehicle (EV) applications [17]–[20]
The converter is able to be operated in the AC-DC (PFC) mode and the DC-AC mode to realize the bidirectional power flow control feature
Summary
Over the past few decades, novel energy technologies such as renewable energy generation systems, electric vehicles and advanced consumer electronics have been rapidly developed to deal with the fossil fuel usage and carbon dioxide emission issues [1]–[4]. The bidirectional power flow control of the converter is an essential function to realize both charging and discharging ability for the battery [13]–[15]. Tang et al.: Bidirectional Power Flow Control Integrated With Pulse and SRC Charging Strategies lead-acid batteries of electric vehicle [26]. Challenges of the SRC charging of Li-ion batteries were proposed in [32] These proposed methods are effective, the bidirectional power flow control combining the PRC and SRC methods integrated with the three-phase converter are not considered and exposed. Main innovations can be summarized as: 1) develop a three-phase AC-DC converter with bidirectional power flow control, 2) integrate charging/discharging strategies with the proposed charger, 3) reveal detailed control concepts and operational principles with mathematical derivations and 4) propose the charging power analysis of different charging strategies. A 5kW prototype circuit with both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed charging strategies
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