Abstract
This study undrapes a microalgae-mediated approach for recycling drinking water reverse osmosis (RO) reject with bicarbonate supplementation. Among the tested strains, Chlorella pyrenoidosa exhibited a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher biomass growth (760.81 ± 34.24 mg L−1) at 4.0 g L−1 bicarbonate in RO reject. Whereas Scenedesmus sp. showed the maximum biomass yield of 1041.81 ± 33.32 mg L−1 in RO reject without bicarbonate. Moreover, bicarbonate in RO reject promoted biofuel precursor synthesis, with Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella sorokiniana acquiring maximum carbohydrate (339.41 ± 13.68 mg L−1) and lipid (1453.57 ± 44.29 mg L−1) yields at 0.5 and 1.0 g L−1 bicarbonate, respectively. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and theoretical methane potential (TMP) analyses showed improved biodiesel quality and biogas yield from bicarbonate-supplemented RO reject-grown microalgal biomass. Thus, the present findings inferred that bicarbonate supplementation to RO reject could be an economically feasible approach for RO reject recycling and microalgae-mediated resource recovery.
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