Abstract
The aim of the present work is to contribute to the characterization of the biaxial tensile behavior of commercially pure titanium, under various in-plane loading conditions at room temperature, by a non-contact digital image correlation system. Several loading conditions, with load ratio ranging from 4:0 to 0:4 and displacement rate ranging from 0.001 to 0.1 mm/s, are examined. It is found that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of biaxial sample are greater than that of uniaxial sample, where the equi-biaxial sample shows the highest strength. It is also observed that increase in strain rate leads to remarkable improvement of tensile strength. Fractographic analysis indicates that the shape and size of dimples are load ratio and strain rate dependent. Additionally, a modified Johnson–Cook constitutive model was proposed to account for the effect of strain rate on biaxial tensile deformation. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated results, indicating that the proposed model is reliable to predict biaxial tensile deformation of commercially pure titanium at different strain rates.
Highlights
Commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) has been widely used in aerospace, chemical, and other industries due to its high strength to weight ratio, excellent work hardening ability, and corrosion resistance [1,2]
An overview of these plots indicates that the strain distribution varies with the load ratios
The transition of the load ratio from the uniaxial tensile to the equi-biaxial tensile leads to higher strain, suggesting biaxial strain uniaxial tensile to the equi-biaxial tensile leads to higher strain, suggesting biaxial strain hardening behavior [31]
Summary
Commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) has been widely used in aerospace, chemical, and other industries due to its high strength to weight ratio, excellent work hardening ability, and corrosion resistance [1,2]. In the design of such structures, the strength and deformation of these components are generally estimated using uniaxial properties [3,4]. In service, these components are more often loaded in more than one direction, i.e., biaxially loaded. Uniaxial tensile behaviors of materials have been investigated a lot [8,9,10]. More and more investigations put effort to study the biaxial tensile behavior. Kulawinski et al [11] investigated a metastable austenitic stainless steel under different biaxial-planar load paths and found the orientation dependent formation of α’martensite is assumed to cause a combined isotropic and kinematic hardening behavior
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