Abstract
Two standards, the American National Standards Institute/the Acoustical Society of America (ANSI/ASA) and the International Organization for Standardization/Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) have been published for surface vessel radiated noise assessment but not for a submerged vessel. Their measurement uncertainties of random and bias error are addressed for components of the measurement system. In this study, the bias error for a submerged vessel source level estimate is interpreted on the basis of the sea surface coherent reflection coefficient and transmission anomaly as functions of frequency, grazing angle, and effective wave height. It is found that the bias error using the mean intensity in a vertical hydrophone array is approximately 3 dB at frequencies less than 2 kHz, but 1 dB at frequencies higher than 2 kHz for effective wave heights of 0.3 and 0.6 m. This result will contribute a future standard for submerged vessel radiated noise assessment.
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