Abstract
Non-synchronous renewable energy sources (RESs) have strong volatility and low inertia, which brings about great challenges on the accommodation of RESs and the security and stability of power systems. This paper proposes a bi-level power system dispatch and control architecture based on the grid-friendly virtual power plant (GVPP), so as to accommodate RESs flexibly and securely. The typical dispatch and control system of the power system in China is presented, and the particular challenges stemming from non-synchronous RESs are analyzed. The functional requirements, concept, and fundamental design of the GVPP are provided, which is distinguished from traditional virtual power plants (VPPs) for its active participation in power system stability control. Based on the cloud platform, a bi-level dispatch and control architecture considering two objectives is established. First, in the inner level, the GVPP operates to promote the accommodation of RESs under normal condition. Then, from the perspective of out-level power systems, GVPPs serve as spinning reserves for power support under contingencies. Besides, the key problems to be solved in the development of the GVPP-based architecture are summarized. Although the architecture is proposed for the power system in China, it can be applied to any power systems with similar challenges.
Highlights
With the fast development of non-synchronous renewable energy sources (RESs), such as wind turbine generators (WTGs) and photovoltaic (PV) panels, the characteristics of power system dynamic response have changed significantly
The architecture is proposed for the China state grid, it can be applied to any similar power systems with high penetration of RESs
A bi-level dispatch and control architecture is established based on the grid-friendly virtual power plant (GVPP), considering two objectives to reduce the curtailment of local RESs and provide emergency power support
Summary
With the fast development of non-synchronous renewable energy sources (RESs), such as wind turbine generators (WTGs) and photovoltaic (PV) panels, the characteristics of power system dynamic response have changed significantly. Based on the advanced communication and control technologies, the virtual power plant (VPP) has been proposed to aggregate DERs for power and auxiliary service markets [11,12,13]. There have been numerous researches on the optimal planning, bidding, dispatching, and communication architecture design of VPPs, which are mainly concentrated on economic efficiency and engineering realization. The grid-friendly technology is proposed to improve the grid-connection performance of RESs to decrease the influence of volatility, uncertainty, and low inertia, and enhance the control ability of power system to deal with large disturbances. A bi-level dispatch and control architecture is established based on the GVPP, considering two objectives to reduce the curtailment of local RESs and provide emergency power support.
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