Abstract
The primary aim of this paper is to investigate the relations between the ulama and politics in Iranian history throughout the period between the 1950s to late 1970s. It will focus on two interrelated questions: 1. Were the ulama always led the mass opposition movements in Iranian history, as they often claimed or were credited to be? 2. Did the Iranian Revolution occurred mainly thanks to the ulama`s efforts? By analyzing the relations between the ulama and politics in three consecutive periods in modern history of Iran, which are 1951-1953 period of oil nationalization, 1963 the White Revolution and finally the revolutionary struggles of 1977-1979, the paper shows that there was not a predetermined area of conflict or cooperation between these two domains, but a dynamic interaction shaped by the very political interests of the actors.
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