Abstract
Using Botrytis cinerea we confirmed in the present work several previous studies showing that salicylic acid, a main plant hormone, inhibits fungal growth in vitro. Such an inhibitory effect was also observed for the two salicylic acid derivatives, methylsalicylic and acetylsalicylic acid. In marked contrast, 5-sulfosalicylic acid was totally inactive. Comparative proteomics from treated vs. control mycelia showed that both the intracellular and extracellular proteomes were affected in the presence of salicylic acid or methylsalicylic acid. These data suggest several mechanisms that could potentially account for the observed fungal growth inhibition, notably pH regulation, metal homeostasis, mitochondrial respiration, ROS accumulation and cell wall remodeling. The present observations support a role played by the phytohormone SA and derivatives in directly containing the pathogen. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002873.
Highlights
Filamentous fungi are the major plant pathogens that cause multi-millions of US dollars in pre- and post-harvest crop losses worldwide (Bolton et al, 2006)
To study the mycelial radial growth, a plug of Botrytis mycelium was deposited at the center of a Petri dish (9 cm in diameter) containing a malt/agar medium composed of malt extract (20 g/L; Becton, Dickinson and Company), 2.0% glucose (w/v; Sigma), NH4Cl (0.1 M), and agar (15 g/L; Becton, Dickinson and Company) buffered at pH 5.0 or pH 7.0 (Tris-maleate 0.1 M), in the absence or presence of varying concentrations of SA, 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA; 2-hydroxy-5sulfobenzoic acid), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (0.1 mM, 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2.5 mM, or 5 mM) or MeSA (0.38 mM, 0.77 mM, 1.15 mM, 2.3 mM, or 5 mM), all compounds being obtained from Sigma
It appears that methylsalicylic acid (MeSA) was the most active compound in impeding fungal growth, followed by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and SA
Summary
Filamentous fungi are the major plant pathogens that cause multi-millions of US dollars in pre- and post-harvest crop losses worldwide (Bolton et al, 2006). Botrytis inhibition by SA or MeSA revealing over 16,000 protein-coding genes (Amselem et al, 2011; Staats and van Kan, 2012; Hahn et al, 2014). Botrytis is a widely used fungal model, being among the top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology (Dean et al, 2012), allowing to unravel genes accounting for pathogenicity (Amselem et al, 2011; Aguileta et al, 2012; Dean et al, 2012; Heard et al, 2015) and for the development of fungicides with novel modes of action (Tietjen et al, 2005)
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