Abstract
This article analyses the military conscription of peasants in sixteenth century Transylvania, in a broader, European context. Regulations issued by the Diet (assembly of the estates) and fiscal registers provide valuable data for reconstructing the social and legal mechanisms behind this military custom. The Transylvanian system of military conscription shares some basic similarities with other forms of conscription implemented by most European states during this period but, at the same time, has some significant particularities. The legal status of peasants (serfs) and the major role of the local nobility in their mobilisation for military service are two of the key features of this case study.
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