Abstract
Data regarding the anogenital distribution of and type-specific concordance for cutaneous β- and γ-HPV types in men who have sex with women is limited and geographically narrow. Knowledge of determinants of anogenital detection of cutaneous HPV types in different regions is needed for better understanding of the natural history and transmission dynamics of HPV, and its potential role in the development of anogenital diseases. Genital and anal canal samples obtained from 554 Russian men were screened for 43 β-HPVs and 29 γ-HPVs, using a multiplex PCR combined with Luminex technology. Both β- and γ-HPVs were more prevalent in the anal (22.8% and 14.1%) samples than in the genital (16.8% and 12.3%) samples. Low overall and type-specific concordance for β-HPVs (3.5% and 1.1%) and γ-HPVs (1.3% and 0.6%) were observed between genital and anal samples. HIV-positive men had higher anal β- (crude OR = 12.2, 95% CI: 5.3–28.1) and γ-HPV (crude OR = 7.2, 95% CI: 3.3–15.4) prevalence than HIV-negative men. Due to the lack of genital samples from the HIV-positive men, no comparison was possible for HIV status in genital samples. The lack of type-specific positive concordance between genital and anal sites for cutaneous β- and γ-HPV types in heterosexual men posits the needs for further studies on transmission routes to discriminate between contamination and true HPV infection. HIV-positive status may favor the anal acquisition or modify the natural history of cutaneous HPV types.
Highlights
Data regarding the anogenital distribution of and type-specific concordance for cutaneous β- and γ-Human papillomavirus (HPV) types in men who have sex with women is limited and geographically narrow
Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI)[31] observed no association between the clinical symptoms and the prevalence of cutaneous HPVs in the anal and genital area. This is the first report of the determinants for anal and genital presence of a broad range of both β- and γ-HPV
Despite the abundance of both HPV genera observed in the anogenital area in the current study, the type-concordant association between genital and anal sites was uncommon
Summary
Data regarding the anogenital distribution of and type-specific concordance for cutaneous β- and γ-HPV types in men who have sex with women is limited and geographically narrow. The presence of β- and γ-HPVs in the anal canal of men has been established[21,26,27,28,29] but the determinants of the anogenital presence of HPVs in males is largely based on geographically-concentrated populations of HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM26–28. The first report on sequencing previously unclassified β- and γ-HPVs in the anal canal of men who have sex with women (MSW) from the HIM Study has suggested that other forms of transmission apart from penile-anal intercourse may exist[29] These transmission hypotheses have yet to be fully established
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