Abstract
Charged particle beams can be manipulated by exploiting the channeling phenomenon in bent crystals. Two plate-like crystals, bent by mechanical holders, were manufactured and characterised for such purpose at the Sensor and Semiconductor Laboratory in Ferrara, Italy. An anticlastic curvature was obtained for these crystals, achieving a steering angle of the order of 1 mrad, which is about 20 times larger than the values currently achieved for the bent crystals used in the LHC for collimation experiments. Finally, a Geant4 simulation was performed to study the channeling efficiency for beam deflection with 400 GeV/c and 7 TeV/c proton beams. Such crystals represent technological progress in the development of bent crystals for highly energetic charged particle beams. Indeed, they are designed to impart an angular kick to a 7 TeV/c proton beam with unprecedented high efficiency. Therefore, this study demonstrates the possibility of realizing bent crystals suitable for beam extraction in high-energy hadron accelerators, such as LHC or at the future FCC. A further series of studies should be conducted to evaluate the channeling efficiency and the deflection angle of the realized crystals via a charged proton beam.
Highlights
A solution for the extraction of the multi-TeV proton or heavy ion beams of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) could be a non-resonant scheme in which the beam halo is populated introducing electromagnetic noise in the machine [5]
An anticlastic curvature was obtained for these crystals, achieving a steering angle of the order of 1 mrad, which is about 20 times larger than the values currently achieved for the bent crystals used in the LHC for collimation experiments
The extraction of the multi-TeV LHC beam for fixed target experiments can be achieved in the near future thanks to the channeling effect in bent crystals
Summary
A solution for the extraction of the multi-TeV proton or heavy ion beams of the LHC could be a non-resonant scheme in which the beam halo is populated introducing electromagnetic noise in the machine [5]. The beam halo can be deflected through a bent crystal out of the beam pipe towards a target, exactly as a kicker magnet would do. This is possible since the charged particles that impinge at small angles with respect to the lattice planes perceive the regular electric field of the crystal. If the crystal is bent, the particles follow the crystal curvature and exit the crystal being deflected from their original trajectory [6,7] Owing to this intense electric field, a few mm long bent crystal is capable of producing a beam deflection equivalent to that of a magnetic field larger than 103 Tesla. C (2018) 78:720 would be very interesting for fixed target experiments with 7 TeV protons, calling for a crystal extraction efficiency of about 50% [8,9]
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