Abstract
Abstract The UK government spends over £100 billion each year on working-age benefits, predominantly for those with low incomes or disabilities. Broadly, these payments protect families from hardship, reduce inequality, and support disabled people. But governments across the world and over time have designed these programmes in very different ways. We examine trends in benefit policy in the UK over time, including the treatment of work, support for children and housing costs, and the role of health-related benefits. We then provide a survey of the existing evidence on a wide range of questions in benefit policy design, including take-up, work incentives, and the impact on the next generation—and bring this evidence to bear on key UK policy questions.
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