Benefits and Applications of Small-scale and Micro-CHP Systems

Abstract

ABSTRACT Why pay for the inefficiencies of the utility companies? Combined heat and power (CHP) is a proven technology that provides clean, reliable, and affordable energy to a variety of institutions. CHP systems allow a facility to produce on-site electrical power and obtain overall efficiencies of over 85%. Standard power production provided by the utility companies is generally only 40% efficient. This is possible because CHP systems are designed to recover thermal energy from the prime mover (electrical generating equipment). In the past, many CHP systems have only been considered for large industrial and large commercial institutions because of the high capital costs and the increased need to reduce energy costs. These institutions primarily use large reciprocating engines, combustion turbines, and steam turbines to produce electricity, as well as steam or pressurized hot water. With advancements in manufacturing and design, many CHP technologies have become more affordable for smaller institutions to yield both economic and other advantages. These technologies include microturbines, small reciprocating engines and fuel cells that will produce electricity in addition to low pressure steam or low temperature hot water. The lower grade of heat recovery available from these small-scale and micro-CHP technologies is ideal for smaller institutions. This article details the benefits and applications of small-scale and micro-CHP systems. It also discusses proven examples of how these CHP systems are being utilized in a variety of institutions. Many of these small scale and micro-CHP technologies have been on the market for years; however, with the rising cost of energy, the savings using these technologies are now justified for smaller systems. Some of the examples will include new techniques for application, emerging technologies and renewable energy sources.