Benefits and Applications of Small-scale and Micro-CHP Systems

Abstract

Why pay for the inef ficiencies of the utility companies? Combinedheat and power (CHP) is a proven technology that provides clean, reli-able, and affordable energy to a variety of institutions. CHP systemsallow a facility to produce on-site electrical power and obtain overallefficiencies of over 85%. Standard power production provided by theutility companies is generally only 40% ef ficient. This is possible becauseCHP systems are designed to recover thermal energy from the primemover (electrical generating equipment). In the past, many CHP systemshave only been considered for large industrial and large commercialinstitutions because of the high capital costs and the increased need toreduce energy costs. These institutions primarily use large reciprocatingengines, combustion turbines, and steam turbines to produce electricity,as well as steam or pressurized hot water.With advancements in manufacturing and design, many CHPtechnologies have become more affordable for smaller institutions toyield both economic and other advantages. These technologies includemicroturbines, small reciprocating engines and fuel cells that will pro-duce electricity in addition to low pressure steam or low temperature hotwater. The lower grade of heat recovery available from these small-scaleand micro-CHP technologies is ideal for smaller institutions.This article details the bene fits and applications of small-scale andmicro-CHP systems. It also discusses proven examples of how theseCHP systems are being utilized in a variety of institutions. Many of thesesmall scale and micro-CHP technologies have been on the market foryears; however, with the rising cost of energy, the savings using thesetechnologies are now justified for smaller systems. Some of the exampleswill include new techniques for application, emerging technologies andrenewable energy sources.