Abstract
Trillium govanianum rhizome is used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory remedy in traditional medicine in northern Pakistan. In an attempt to establish its medicinal value, the present research evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of T. govanianum. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of extract and fractions was investigated in the carrageenan induced paw edema assay. The in vitro suppression of oxidative burst of extract, fractions and isolated compounds was assessed through luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay. The in vivo analgesic activity was assayed in chemical and thermal induced nociceptive pain models. The crude methanol extract and its solvent fractions showed anti-inflammatory and analgesic responses, exhibited by significant amelioration of paw edema and relieve of the tonic visceral chemical and acute phasic thermal nociception. In the oxidative burst assay, based on IC50, the crude methanol extract and n-butanol soluble fraction produced a significant inhibition, followed by chloroform and hexane soluble fractions as compared to ibuprofen. Similarly, the isolated compounds pennogenin and borassoside E exhibited significant level of oxidative burst suppressive activity. The in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities as well as the in vitro inhibition of oxidative burst validated the traditional use of T. govanianum rhizomes as a phytotherapeutic remedy for both inflammatory conditions and pain. The observed activities might be attributed to the presence of steroids and steroid-based compounds. Therefore, the rhizomes of this plant species could serve as potential novel source of compounds effective for alleviating pain and inflammation.
Highlights
It is highly desired to discover excellent remedies for diseases that are economical, having no or low side effects, potent and efficacious in various pathological conditions
In present study, we evaluated the crude methanol extract and solvent soluble fractions thereof for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, using in vivo animal models, while the isolated compounds in our previous study [23] were tested for inhibition of oxidative burst using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay
The anti-inflammatory response of T. govanianum rhizomes methanol extract (MeOH-ext) and fractions thereof in carrageenan-induced paw edema model is presented in Table 3 The results indicate that MeOH-ext and its fractions at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg exhibit significant anti-inflammatory activity comparable to the standard anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac sodium
Summary
It is highly desired to discover excellent remedies for diseases that are economical, having no or low side effects, potent and efficacious in various pathological conditions. For discovering such products, medicinal plants and herbal medicines can be the best choice as plants produce a wide range of bioactive compounds, making them a rich source of different types of medicines [1]. In present study, we evaluated the crude methanol extract and solvent soluble fractions thereof for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, using in vivo animal models, while the isolated compounds in our previous study [23] were tested for inhibition of oxidative burst using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay
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