Beneficial Effects of High Intensity Interval Training and/or Linseed Oil Supplementation to Limit Obesity-Induced Oxidative Stress in High Fat Diet-Fed Rats.

Carole Groussard,Guillaume Mairesse,Nicolas Barnich,Mathilde Mura,Etienne Gouraud,Claire Plissonneau,Fréderic Capel,Laurie Josset,Nathalie Boisseau,Guillaume Chesneau,Vincent Pialoux

doi:10.3390/nu13103531

Abstract

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and linseed oil (LO) supplementation are effective strategies to reduce obesity-induced oxidative stress. Our aim was to determine whether the HIIT + LO combination prevents obesity-induced oxidative stress in high fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. HFD-fed 8-week-old, male, Wistar rats were subdivided in four groups: HFD, LO (2% of sunflower oil replaced with 2% of LO in the HFD), HIIT (4 days/week for 12 weeks), and HIIT + LO. Wistar rats fed a low-fat diet (LFD) were used as controls. Epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue, gastrocnemius muscle, liver, and plasma samples were collected to measure oxidative stress markers (AOPP, oxLDL), antioxidant (SOD, CAT, and GPx activities) and pro-oxidant (NOx and XO) enzyme activities. Compared with the LFD, the HFD altered the pro/antioxidant status in different tissues (increase of AOPP, oxLDL, SOD and catalase activities in plasma, and SOD activity increase in liver and decrease in adipose tissues) but not in gastrocnemius. LO upregulated CAT activity and decreased NOx in liver. HIIT alleviated HFD negative effects in liver by reducing SOD and NOx activities. Moreover, the HIIT + LO combination potentiated SOD activity upregulation in subcutaneous tissue. HIIT and LO supplementation have independent beneficial effects on the pro/antioxidant balance. Their association promotes SOD activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Highlights

Obesity is a complex medical condition characterized by excess body fat, leading to impaired health and increased mortality [1]
linseed oil (LO) supplementation significantly increased the content of the n-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in blood, confirming its efficiency
The cumulative food intake did not significantly differ between groups (HFD and low-fat diet (LFD)) during this phase, weight became significantly higher in the high fat diet (HFD) group from week 14

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is a complex medical condition characterized by excess body fat, leading to impaired health and increased mortality [1]. In the last few decades, the Western diet (characterized by high intake of processed foods, red meat, high-fat dairy products, high-sugar foods, and pre-packaged foods) has been a significant contributor to the growing rate of obesity that increases the risk of chronic diseases [5]. The excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through different mechanisms and subsequently promotes systemic oxidative stress (OS) [6,7] and cardiovascular complications [8,9]. Any strategy to reduce OS should have beneficial effects on obesity onset and on the adverse consequences associated with obesity-induced OS [14]

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