High-Intensity Interval Training and α-Linolenic Acid Supplementation Improve DHA Conversion and Increase the Abundance of Gut Mucosa-Associated Oscillospira Bacteria.

Claire Plissonneau,Ivan Wawrzyniak,Nicolas Barnich,Guillaume Mairesse,Marine Dupuit,Lydie Combaret,Nathalie Boisseau,Monique Etienne,Frederic Capel,Guillaume Chesneau,Benoit Chassaing,Frederic Dutheil,Florie Maillard

doi:10.3390/nu13030788

Abstract

Obesity, a major public health problem, is the consequence of an excess of body fat and biological alterations in the adipose tissue. Our aim was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and/or α-linolenic acid supplementation (to equilibrate the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio) might prevent obesity disorders, particularly by modulating the mucosa-associated microbiota. Wistar rats received a low fat diet (LFD; control) or high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to induce obesity. Then, animals in the HFD group were divided in four groups: HFD (control), HFD + linseed oil (LO), HFD + HIIT, HFD + HIIT + LO. In the HIIT groups, rats ran on a treadmill, 4 days.week−1. Erythrocyte n-3 PUFA content, body composition, inflammation, and intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota composition were assessed after 12 weeks. LO supplementation enhanced α-linolenic acid (ALA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) conversion in erythrocytes, and HIIT potentiated this conversion. Compared with HFD, HIIT limited weight gain, fat mass accumulation, and adipocyte size, whereas LO reduced systemic inflammation. HIIT had the main effect on gut microbiota β-diversity, but the HIIT + LO association significantly increased Oscillospira relative abundance. In our conditions, HIIT had a major effect on body fat mass, whereas HIIT + LO improved ALA conversion to DHA and increased the abundance of Oscillospira bacteria in the microbiota.

Highlights

Obesity is one of the major public health challenges and its prevalence has been increasing worldwide for several decades
On the basis of these data, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-week intervention program that included physical activity (HIIT), n-3 PUFA supplementation through addition of linseed oil (LO) in the diet, or both (HIIT + LO) on body composition and metabolic profile changes in a rodent model of obesity
Althoudgehcrfeaassteidngglgulcyocseemtoilaerwanacse,nloetaddiinffgetroenatpbree-towbeeesintygsrtoautupss., blood glucose values during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were higher in the high fat diet (HFD) than low fat diet (LFD) group (Figure 2C)

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is one of the major public health challenges and its prevalence has been increasing worldwide for several decades. Endurance training is an effective strategy to prevent overweight and obesity [5]. This exercise modality includes low- to moderate-intensity continuous training, and high intensity interval training (HIIT). Moderate-intensity continuous training remains the most recommended physical activity [6], but HIIT is suggested for people with obesity [7]. Several supplements and nutritional interventions may enhance HIIT effects by increasing energy metabolism, or by modulating the adaptive response during recovery [14]. No data are available concerning the potential effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on HIIT adaptations

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