Abstract
A high fat diet (HFD) intake is crucial for the development and progression of metabolic syndrome (MtS). Increasing evidence links gut dysbiosis with the metabolic and vascular alterations associated with MtS. Here we studied the use of a combination of various probiotic strains together with a prebiotic (synbiotic) in a commercially available Prodefen® Plus. MtS was induced by HFD (45%) in male Wistar rats. Half of the MtS animals received Prodefen® Plus for 4 weeks. At 12 weeks, we observed an increase in body weight, together with the presence of insulin resistance, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension in MtS rats. Prodefen® Plus supplementation did not affect the body weight gain but ameliorated all the MtS-related symptoms. Moreover, the hypertension induced by HFD is caused by a diminished both nitric oxide (NO) functional role and release probably due to a diminished neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation by protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Prodefen® Plus supplementation for 4 weeks recovered the NO function and release and the systolic blood pressure was returned to normotensive values as a result. Overall, supplementation with Prodefen® Plus could be considered an interesting non-pharmacological approach in MtS.
Highlights
Obesity affected two billion people worldwide in 2015 with annual costs reaching two trillionUSD [1]
metabolic syndrome (MtS) is related to several metabolic alterations, we analysed the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) and synbiotic supplementation on glucose homeostasis
The insulin resistance was ameliorated by Prodefen® Plus supplementation, even though not magnification) from CT (a), MtS (b) and MtS-SYNB (c) rats are shown
Summary
Obesity affected two billion people worldwide in 2015 with annual costs reaching two trillionUSD [1]. The global prevalence has increased dramatically in the last four decades, reaching 10.8%. MtS is associated with high mortality and morbidity due to an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney diseases, cancer and musculoskeletal diseases [2]. The accumulation of adipose tissue promotes a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative microenvironment, leading to a chronic low-grade inflammation state [5]. The secretion of adipokines from the adipose tissue alters the function of multiple vasoactive factors, increases peripheral vascular resistance and leads to hypertension. Evidence indicates that the blood flow and tissue perfusion required for cardiovascular system homeostasis is affected by nitric oxide (NO) synthesis [6,7]
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