Abstract

Benedict Dybowski, explorer of Lake Baikal and Kamchatka, is less known for his pedagogical and philosophical activities. The subject of this article is the Lviv period of his work, which lasted from 1884 until his death. It is worth focusing on his progressive views on the role of women in society, on his innovative calls for the introduction of a unified international language and the unification of religion, and on his proposals to base non-empirical sciences on the results of natural research. He was one of the forerunners of evolutionism in the Polish lands. The consolidation of biological and philosophical thought resulted in Dybowski’s utopian programme for the rebirth of mankind.

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