Abstract
The quality of surface water in Jakarta is on a serious polluted status. In order to reduce the Water Treatment processing load, a pre-treatment process is needed to eliminate parameters such as organic matter, ammonia, color, taste, and odor. This treatment generally uses chemical and physical processes, such as chlorination and activated carbon that produce harmful byproducts. Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) is one of the solutions developed to reduce the nutrient and organic levels in raw water. This study aims to improve the quality of raw water, by reducing the concentration of COD, NH3-N, Phosphate, and TSS before entering the conventional process. Reactor performance is assessed based on contaminant removal efficiency with variation of residence time (1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours). The reactor is operated by using Kaldness K1 as the medium and oxygen supply of 7 L/min. The optimum residence time is 1,5 hours with the ability to remove COD, NH3-N, Phosphate, TSS 51.8% ± 0.2; 54.3% ± 0.28; 52.6% ± 0.19; and 77.7% ± 0.14 respectively. Based on the optimum residence time, the kinetics of the ammonia removal rate in MBBR takes place at zero order, with a rate constant removal of 0.0056 g/m2.day. The results showed that the higher concentration of ammonia, and organic contaminants treated, the higher the efficiency of MBBR. Apart from water quality improvement, pre-treatment process using MBBR can reduce coagulant dose from 50 mg/L to 9 mg/L, to decrease raw water turbidity from 135 NTU to 0.68 NTU before entering the coagulation-flocculation unit.
Highlights
According to water quality monitoring conducted by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in 2015, it was known that 68% of river conditions in Indonesia were heavily polluted
Pesanggrahan River has not meet the requirements of the quality standard, based on the research of Regional Environmental Agency in 2015 the river included in the C category of water body, that is more suitable for use as fisheries and livestock water sources because they have pollutant levels that exceed drinking water parameters
Based on the description above, the purpose of this research is to prove that Pesanggrahan River is adequate to be considered as a source of clean water by using the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) system as the pre-treatment process in order to meet the class I water quality standard based on Government Regulations No 82 of 2001
Summary
According to water quality monitoring conducted by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in 2015, it was known that 68% of river conditions in Indonesia were heavily polluted. Based on the evaluation of the Jakarta river water quality conducted by Regional Environmental Agency in 2015, most of river in Jakarta were classified as heavily polluted. Pesanggrahan River has not meet the requirements of the quality standard, based on the research of Regional Environmental Agency in 2015 the river included in the C category of water body, that is more suitable for use as fisheries and livestock water sources because they have pollutant levels that exceed drinking water parameters. The concentration of organic pollutants, and ammonia which exceeded the environmental threshold based on Government Regulation No 82 of 2001 about raw water quality standards will make it difficult for water treatment plants to treat raw water 3. Since conventional water treatment plant (WTP) is generally not designed to remove organic parameters and ammonia, a pre-treatment process is required. The disadvantage of this process is the high cost and could produce carcinogenic byproducts such as trihalomethane and chlorophenol 3
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