Abstract
Belief in the possibility of demonstrating ESP on an experimental task and evaluation of ESP were independently manipulated in two laboratory studies investigating the relationship between these variables and ESP task performance. The results of Experiment I indicated that subjects exposed to a positive evaluation of ESP scored higher on the ESP task than those exposed to a negative evaluation of ESP. Furthermore, a significant belief × sex of subject interaction was found. The interaction indicated that males exposed to the disbelief manipulation scored significantly higher on the task than males exposed to the belief manipulation or females exposed to the disbelief manipulation. In general, the ESP task performance results for females followed the pattern predicted from the Ajzen and Fishbein (1972) attitude-behavior model, while those for males did not. Experiment II was a strict methodological replication of Experiment I. In Experiment II there were no significant effects present upon ESP task performance. The implications of these contradictory results for ESP research specifically and significance levels generally are both discussed.
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