Abstract
At present, there are no comprehensive validated instruments for measuring adolescents' beliefs regarding tobacco smoking in the Iranian society. This study aimed to evaluate the validity, reliability and feasibility of the belief-based tobacco smoking scale using the Theory of Planned Behavior's (TPB) constructs as a theoretical framework. This cross-sectional validation study was carried out on 410 male adolescents of Hamadan, west of Iran, recruited through multi-stage random sampling method. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). In addition, Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA) were performed to test construct validity. Content validity was examined using Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). RESULTS obtained from factor analysis showed that the data was fit to the model (X(2)=391.43, P<0.001) and TPB consisted of 22 items measuring seven components which explaining 69.7% of the common variance. The mean scores for the CVI and CVR were 0.89 and 0.80; respectively. Additional anal-yses indicated acceptable results for internal consistency reliability values ranging from 0.55 to 0.92. The belief-based tobacco smoking questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument and now is acceptable and suitable and can be used in future studies.
Highlights
Tobacco smoking is the least notable substance compared to drugs that is accessible and has little social indecency, which adolescents smoke it and addict due to the continuous use.[1,2,3]
There are numerous determinant factors that effect on tobacco smoking include low socioeconomic status, governmental healthy policies, and peer pressure alongside cognitive factor like attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy which they have a major relation for smoking among adolescence.[6,8]
Socio-demographic characteristic Overall, 410 male adolescents were entered into the study
Summary
Tobacco smoking is the least notable substance compared to drugs that is accessible and has little social indecency, which adolescents smoke it and addict due to the continuous use.[1,2,3] At present, there are approximately one billion smokers in the world and it is estimated that by 2030 one billion people of younger adults will start smoking and out of about 3 million people die from tobacco smoking annually in the world, one million live in developing countries.[4]. There are no comprehensive validated instruments for measuring adolescents’ beliefs regarding tobacco smoking in the Iranian society. This study aimed to evaluate the validity, reliability and feasibility of the beliefbased tobacco smoking scale using the Theory of Planned Behavior’s (TPB) constructs as a theoretical framework. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Content validity was examined using Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). The mean scores for the CVI and CVR were 0.89 and 0.80; respectively. Additional analyses indicated acceptable results for internal consistency reliability values ranging from 0.55 to 0.92. Conclusion: The belief-based tobacco smoking questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument and now is acceptable and suitable and can be used in future studies
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