Abstract
Simple SummaryThere are many situations in riding facilities and studs in which horses have to be separated out of a group, for example, when they are needed for a riding lesson, training purposes or veterinary treatments. Such a group may form a social herd in which a dominance hierarchy with dominant and submissive members is established. In the study, we investigated how mares respond to a short separation of some of the herd members and whether the response differs according to the rank order of the mares separated. The response was determined with rates of different behaviours showing agitation or calmness, times of locomotion and physiological parameters. The results of the experiment show that the separation of some mares increases the agitation in the remaining herd. In spite of the fact that such situations are constantly repeated in practice, they are stressful for the horses. The reaction of the remaining herd does not depend strictly on the composition of the mares separated regarding their rank in the dominance hierarchy, i.e., it does not differ consistently when a dominant, mixed or submissive group of mares is separated.Horses in a herd develop and maintain a dominance hierarchy between all individuals. There are many situations in riding facilities and studs in which horses have to be separated out of a group. The aim of the study was to determine the rate of behaviours, level of locomotor activity and cardiac activity variables in a herd of horses during a short social separation of individuals differently ranked in the dominance hierarchy. Twelve adult Arabian mares were involved. A behavioural test had been performed before the main experiment to determine the rank order of the mares in this social herd. Three tests were performed when a dominant, mixed and submissive three-member group of mares was separated for 10 min. The response of the remaining herd was determined by a rate of behaviours, time of locomotor activity and cardiac parameters. The results of the experiment reveal evident changes towards emotional arousal in the social herd elicited by a short separation of some conspecifics. The herd created by humans preserves the sensitivity to a temporary loss of its members. The response of the remaining herd does not depend strictly on the composition of the separated mares regarding their rank in the dominance hierarchy.
Highlights
Social bonds are observed in many studies performed on feral and free-ranging horses slightly impeded by human interference e.g., [1,2,3,4]
The aim of the study was to determine the rate of behaviours, level of locomotor activity and cardiac activity variables in a herd of horses during a short social separation of individuals differently ranked in the dominance hierarchy
The results of the analysis show that the social herd was not indifferent to the separation of some individuals
Summary
Social bonds are observed in many studies performed on feral and free-ranging horses slightly impeded by human interference e.g., [1,2,3,4]. The same social behaviour patterns are observed in outdoor-living or pastured horses under extensive human management when given the opportunity [5]. These observations show the natural propensity of horses to evolve long-term bonds within herds. The mares evolve affiliative social integration, which has strong benefits for them, for example, it enables allogrooming, reduces harassment by males and increases foal birth rates [1,4]. Both mares and foals prefer to bond with peers within their sex [7]
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