Abstract
This study is concerned with the experimental investigation of a jet issuing diagonally upward into a two-layer density-stratified fluid in a cylindrical tank and the resulting mixing phenomena. The upper and lower fluids are water and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl), respectively, and the lower fluid issues from a nozzle on the bottom of the tank. The angle between the centerline of the jet and the bottom of the tank is 60o, and the mass concentration of the NaCl solution is 0.02. The investigation reveals that secondary flow is caused by the jet in the horizontal cross-sections of the tank and that it is composed of a pair of vortices. It confirms that the secondary flow at the density interface corresponds to an internal density current. The investigation also clarifies the effect of the Reynolds number of the jet on mixing between the lower and upper fluids.
Highlights
As the density of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is specific to the production area and purification plant, density stratification is sometimes occurs when one batch of LNG is loaded on top of another batch of LNG in the same storage tank
This study is concerned with the experimental investigation of a jet issuing diagonally upward into a two-layer density-stratified fluid in a cylindrical tank and the resulting mixing phenomena
The investigation reveals that secondary flow is caused by the jet in the horizontal cross-sections of the tank and that it is composed of a pair of vortices
Summary
As the density of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is specific to the production area and purification plant, density stratification is sometimes occurs when one batch of LNG is loaded on top of another batch of LNG in the same storage tank. The density of such stratified LNG changes owing to heat input from the outside of the tank. Rollover generates large amounts of vaporized gases, which cause severe damage to the storage. The prevention and elimination of LNG stratification is essential for the operation of LNG storage tanks
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