Abstract
This study experimentally investigates a jet flow issued into a two-layer density-stratified fluid in a tank and the resultant mixing phenomena. The upper and lower fluids are water and a NaCl- water solution, respectively, with the lower fluid issued vertically upward from a circular nozzle mounted on the tank bottom. Experimental highlights of the jet behavior and mixing phenomena are classified into three patterns according to the jet Reynolds number and mass concentration of the NaCl-water solution. The internal density current clearly occurs along the density interface, and the maximum jet height is predicted by the Froude number defined by the density difference between the upper and lower fluids. The effect of fluid thickness on the maximum jet height is also clarified.
Highlights
A fluid consisting of horizontal layers of varying densities is frequently observed in lakes and marshes. Such density-stratified fluid occasionally appears in liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks
The jet behavior relative to the density interface between the upper and lower fluids is classified into three patterns A, B, and C according to the Reynolds number Re and mass concentration of the NaCl-water solution C0
The fluid descending from the top of the jet spreads horizontally when it again reaches the density interface, which causes the interface to heave
Summary
A fluid consisting of horizontal layers of varying densities is frequently observed in lakes and marshes. Such density-stratified fluid occasionally appears in liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks. As the density and components of LNG are specific to the producing areas and purification plants, density stratification is produced when one LNG is loaded on top of another LNG in the same tank. After such loading, the density-stratified LNG frequently becomes unstable over time because of temperature and composition variations.
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