Abstract
Increasing the collision energy and the luminosity at particle colliders requires high radiation resistance in GigaRad levels and fast-timing detectors in picosecond levels. Secondary Emission (SE) Ionization Calorimetry, a novel technology to measure the energy of electromagnetic showers and hadronic particles in extreme radiation circumstances, is such a detector. In this study, the bias circuits of Hamamatsu single anode R7761 and multi-anode R5900-00-M16 Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) were modified for use as novel calorimeter sensors in different SE modules. The test beam was provided by Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, and these new sensor modules were tested with high-energy protons and shower particles at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility (FTBF). The test results showed that the SE modules are sensitive to the electromagnetic showers and they are a promising technology. Here we discuss the design, characterization tests and the beam tests of SE sensor modules, and the projections for a full-scale calorimeter.
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